Macroeconomics Pietermaritzburg Agency

Question: Describe about the Macroeconomics for Pietermaritzburg Agency. Answer: Introduction : South Africa is facing a high inflation rate from the last three months. The food prices have been increased by eight times more than the previous years. The main reason behind this is the drought and the depreciation of money. The Pietermaritzburg Agency for Community Social Action (Pacsa) has done a research on 36 main food items in KwaZulu-Natal. These goods were mainly consumed by the lower-income households of the city. According to their report, the price of the food items increased by 9% compared to past three months. The inflation rate was moderate in 1994, and then it gradually increases. The objective of the assignment is to discuss about the inflation rate prevailing in South Africa. To analyze the role of the monetary authority regarding this problem is another objective of this study (Amusa et. al., 2013). Analysis : Inflation is a method in which the general price level is rising for a considerable period of time. In this process, money loses its value. In other words, the inflation rate is defined as the percentage change in the price level. Inflation rate = 100 where P1 is the price level of previous year and P2 is the price level of the current year. There are two types of inflation occurred in the economy, cost-pull inflation and demand-pull inflation. Cost-pull inflation causes due to the supply side effects of the economy such as the external economic shocks whereas demand-pull inflation occurs due to the demand side effects of the economy. South Africas inflation targeting regime : In this assignment, the article Food prices to soar as drought bites has been chosen for further analysis. According to the newspaper article, a food company has already given a notice to the retailers that they have anticipated 8%-10% price increase of their product. The poor households are using the strategy to reduce the amount of food but it leads to a deterioration of their health. The inflation rate was very higher in the beginning of 2016. The figure 1 describes the inflation rate of South Africa from July, 2015 to April, 2016 (Aron, 2014). Figure 1: Inflation rate in South Africa ( Source: created by author ) Figure 1 describes the inflation rate in South Africa from the time period July, 2015 towards. The diagram depicts that the inflation rate was very low in the month of July, 2015 but then it gradually increases from the beginning of 2016. It reached the maximum level in February of this year. Role of the monetary authorities to control the inflation rate : According to Balcilar, Uwilingiye, Gupta, (2014) the monetary policy is defined as the strategies taken by the monetary authorities to control the rate of interest or amount of money with the objective of controlling inflation and achieving full employment situation. South African Reserve Bank controls the monetary policy of this country. The monetary authorities take various policies to control the inflation rate such as the repo rate. It is defined as the rate at which the South African Reserve Bank grants loan to the banks and thus it indicates a cost of credit to the commercial banks. When the Reserve Bank changes the repo rate, then the interest rate on loans is also changed. Thus the monetary authorities control the inflation rate. In 2016, the inflation rate was very higher. It means that the monetary authorities were failed to control the inflation rate ( Plessis, Rand, Kotz, 2015). Impact of the drought and the weak exchange rate on food prices : According to Simo-Kengne et. al., (2013), the drought and the weak currency rate would raise the food prices. The prices of both white and yellow maize increased in 2015. Also the prices of some other crops were increased leading to food price inflation. Zambias crop has also been adversely affected by the droughts. Moreover, agricultural sectors export was severely affected by the inflation. This is the impact of inflation on the agricultural sector. The households often change their spending patterns due to rise in prices. Sometimes, they switch to cheaper varieties and reduce the quantities of their consumption basket. The Consumer price Index ( CPI ) is sometimes failed to show the actual inflation situation. Some researchers have shown that the CPI indicates the situation of the working or the middle class better, rather than the poorer sections of the society (Gupta Hartley, 2013). The impact of the drought and weak exchange rate on economic growth/ agricultural sector : According to Narayan Narayan, (2013) the drought has affected the agricultural productivity adversely in South Africa. It has a negative impact on both the crop and livestock farming. This leads to the problems like food security, poverty and unemployment. There has been a significant loss in maize exports. Moreover, due to the combined effect of the drought and the weak exchange rate, the annual food inflation, measured by the CPI index, was almost 7% in this year. The growth rate of South Africa has reflected a downward trend in this year due to the severe inflation rate. The GDP has reduced by 1.2% in this year. Moreover, due to the inflation, the interest rate would be higher and there will be lower exports of goods. It will then reduce the investments of South Africa ("Southern Africa and the Economics of Drought | Access Africa", 2016). Conclusion: This part of the assignment sums up the entire thing. The first part of the assignment introduces the inflation of South Africa. According to a newspaper report, it is found that now the price of the food items has increased by 9% compared to the last three months. Then the role of the monetary authorities is discussed in this regard. The drought and the weak exchange rate have a negative consequence on the food prices and exports. Moreover, the higher inflation rate also lowers the growth of the economy. It can be concluded that there is a link between the inflation, unemployment and economic growth. Reference list: Amusa, K., Gupta, R., Karolia, S., Simo-Kengne, B. D. (2013). The long-run impact of inflation in South Africa.Journal of Policy Modeling,35(5), 798-812. Aron, J., Farrell, G., Muellbauer, J., Sinclair, P. (2014). Exchange rate pass-through to import prices, and monetary policy in South Africa.Journal of Development Studies,50(1), 144-164. Balcilar, M., Uwilingiye, J., Gupta, R. (2014).Dynamic Relationship between Oil Price and Inflation in South Africa(No. 201430). Gupta, R., Hartley, F. (2013). The role of asset prices in forecasting inflation and output in South Africa.Journal of Emerging Market Finance,12(3), 239-291. Narayan, S., Narayan, P. K. (2013). The inflationoutput nexus: Empirical evidence from India, South Africa, and Brazil.Research in International Business and Finance,28, 19-34. Plessis, S., Rand, G., Kotz, K. (2015). Measuring core inflation in south africa.South African Journal of Economics,83(4), 527-548. Simo-Kengne, B. D., Balcilar, M., Gupta, R., Reid, M., Aye, G. C. (2013). Is the relationship between monetary policy and house prices asymmetric across bull and bear markets in South Africa? Evidence from a Markov-Switching Vector Autoregressive model.Economic Modelling,32, 161-171. Southern Africa and the Economics of Drought | Access Africa. (2016). Access-africa.org. Retrieved 24 August 2016, from https://access-africa.org/southern-africa-and-the-economics-of-drought/

After the Reconstruction period, African Americans Essay Example For Students

After the Reconstruction period, African Americans Essay had won freedom and no longer were seen as processions of the whiteman, although, something even more evil existed, segregation. This problem made life for many black people an ever-continuing struggle. Black people were forced to attend separate schools, churches, hotels, and even restaurants. At the time, white males dominated the work force and many African Americans rarely found well paying jobs. The court system judged people of color more harshly than people of white skin, which led to unfair sentences and lynchings. A lynching is when a person is hanged or executed without a trial; they were very common during this time period. African Americans could only take so much of this, they cried out against the unequal ways that white people practiced. Foundations were formed to aid these people and bring justice to the society they were living in. The NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) was probably the most significant of these foundations. This was the same organization that Thurgood Marshall became the leading lawyer of. Thurgood Marshall was born in the year of 1908 in Baltimore, Maryland. He was prepped and raised by his mother, Norma Arica Marshall, and his father, William Canfield Marshall. Thurgoods mother was one of the first African Americans to graduate from Colombia University and his father was the first black person to serve on Baltimores grand jury in the 20th century. Their accomplishments influenced young Thurgood in the years yet to come. Thurgood was always top of his game and graduating from an all black high school in Baltimore at 16 and graduating from Howard Law School in Washington D.C. first of his class, proved it. During his time at Howard, Thurgood met and eventually married his first wife, Vivian Burey. After finishing up law school in 1933, Thurgood moved to New York City, where he was later recruited as a staff lawyer to NAACP. During his years spent with the NAACP, Thurgood helped develop a strategy to fight racial segregation throughout the United States. He brought many cases before numerous courts but the cases he brought before the Supreme Court were his greatest achievements. Thurgood won almost all of the cases he argued before the Supreme Court. Through his court victories, he convinced the courts to strike down practices in several states that prevented blacks from voting. Due to Thurgood, the Supreme Court agreed that courts could not enforce private agreements not to sell land to black people. These were major steps forward in the struggle to end segregation but Thurgoods most important victory came in a case dealing with racial segregation in public schools, Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. Thurgood managed to persuade the court to unanimously declare segregation in public schools unconstitutional under the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. In addition to the victory of this case, Thurgood fought to win six other Supreme Court cases during the 1950s, leading to the desegregation of public parks, swimming pools, local bus systems and athletic facilities. Even after his retirement as a lawyer for the NAACP, Thurgood continued to fight for the rights of racial minorities, the uneducated and the poor. In 1965, Thurgood was nominated to the U.S. Supreme Court by President Lyndon Johnson and later confirmed by the Senate to the role of an associate justice. He became the first black justice to serve in the Supreme Court in the history of the U.S. With this high ranking position, Thurgood was determined to end inequality once and for all in the U. .uf976c51314b73363c3b6508573b6e63f , .uf976c51314b73363c3b6508573b6e63f .postImageUrl , .uf976c51314b73363c3b6508573b6e63f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf976c51314b73363c3b6508573b6e63f , .uf976c51314b73363c3b6508573b6e63f:hover , .uf976c51314b73363c3b6508573b6e63f:visited , .uf976c51314b73363c3b6508573b6e63f:active { border:0!important; } .uf976c51314b73363c3b6508573b6e63f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf976c51314b73363c3b6508573b6e63f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf976c51314b73363c3b6508573b6e63f:active , .uf976c51314b73363c3b6508573b6e63f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf976c51314b73363c3b6508573b6e63f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf976c51314b73363c3b6508573b6e63f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf976c51314b73363c3b6508573b6e63f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf976c51314b73363c3b6508573b6e63f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf976c51314b73363c3b6508573b6e63f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf976c51314b73363c3b6508573b6e63f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf976c51314b73363c3b6508573b6e63f .uf976c51314b73363c3b6508573b6e63f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf976c51314b73363c3b6508573b6e63f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Forensic science and technology EssayS. Up until his death in 1993, Thurgood Marshall wrote more than 300 papers and essays on his personal beliefs and court cases that he had dealt with. He declared that his papers should be open for immediate use by scholars, journalists, and others. I selected Thurgood Marshall because I believe he made the most significant difference in the U.S. as far as eliminating unequal racial treatment, an even bigger difference than such famous people as Martin Luther King Jr. made. Over the course of less than a century, Thurgood shaped the U.S. to be a much more open and equal nation for African Americans .

The Crucible Essay John Proctor Example For Students

The Crucible Essay John Proctor The CrucibleThe Crucible is a book that could lead the mind into many different ways. More of a play or act, The Crucible has many different themes and subject matters from different opinions. Themes are the primary and original widespread ideas spread in literature. The Crucible, takes place in the Puritan Society where people are condemned of witchery, guilty or innocent were taken upon very harshly. The Crucible has many different themes, as mentioned before. One of the themes is narrow-mindedness. This is a theme for The Crucible in numerous ways. In the Puritan Society, the sins and crimes of a human being were taking upon in public concern. In the Puritan society there is no private life, all religions and feelings either go to God himself or the Devil himself. For example, in The Crucible, Judge Danforth claims that if you arent with us, you are against us and believe with the devil himself. Another prime example is the hangings of people in the Puritan Society, for even the innocent people were hung for the thought of witchery and the belief of devil worship. We will write a custom essay on The Crucible John Proctor specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Another theme for The Crucible, is Terror and or Panic. People in the Puritan Society or belief in Protestantism knew each other for very long times. In The Crucible, the act that the people knew each other, but than were condemning and determining their neighbors for such sins of witchery and belief of devil-worship. For example, in The Crucible, Abigail, who condemns Proctors wife Elizabeth to send her to jail, so she can be with Proctor and how Reverend Parris makes himself stronger with the questions he asks Proctor and the replies that Proctor gives back. The last theme to discuss is Salems future and status. This theme is very important and used in The Crucible many times. In the Puritan Society, name plays such an extreme role, that the fear of crying witchery and sins of their neighbors, will stain their names and character forever. A clear example would be in the beginning of the book where Proctor condemns Abigail of dancing in the woods and committing acts of the devil, but is feared that his character will be spoiled if told in public. Another example, a great example, is at the end of the book where Proctor agrees to sign the paper. Judge Danforth says that he is going to place the paper on the church door, and suddenly Proctor takes the paper back and rips it. Proctor does this because everything has been taking away, but he does not want his name to be tarnished, the soul he can give, but the name he will not. The Crucible is a very strong and powerful play, which can be taken upon in many different ways in society as mentioned earlier. The themes in this book, help the character understand the true Puritan Society and way of life, and that if you didnt believe in the Puritan Society or Protestantism, than you were with the devil himself and would be cried upon witchery.

Free Online Public Schools for Tennessee Students

Free Online Public Schools for Tennessee Students Tennessee offers resident students the opportunity to take online public school courses for free; indeed they can get their entire education via the internet. Below is a list of no-cost virtual schools currently serving elementary and high school students in Tennessee. To qualify for the list, schools must meet the following qualifications: classes must be available completely online, they must offer services to Tennessee residents, and they must be funded by the government. Tennessee Virtual Academy The Tennessee Virtual Academy is for students who are in kindergarten through eighth grade. The tuition-free school offers courses in six core subjects and is specifically geared toward students with minds that might wander when traditional classes are too slow as well as minds that get lost in the shuffle, (and) minds that need a little more time, according to the academys website. Additionally, the school notes that its program features: State-certified teachers, who are available online and by phoneIndividualized curriculum, which covers both the core subject areas and electivesOnline planning and assessment tools, resources, and hands-on materials ranging from textbooks to microscopes, from rocks and dirt to illustrated classic children’s stories.A supportive school community, which organizes fun and informative monthly activities where parents, students, and staff share their successes, difficulties, and helpful hints K12 K12, which as the name implies is for kindergarten through 12-grade students, is in many ways like a brick-and-mortar school, in that it: Does not charge tuitionUses state-certified or -licensed teachersFollows Tennessee state education requirements for standards and assessmentsResults in a high school diploma upon completion But, K12 notes that it differs from traditional brick-and-mortar classrooms in that: Students receive individualized education and personalized one-to-one support.Classes do not take place in a building but rather at home, on the road, or wherever an internet connection can be found.Parents and students communicate with their teacher via online classrooms, email, and phone, (but also sometimes in person). K12 is a full-time program that follows the traditional school-year calendar. You can expect that your child will spend 5 to 6 hours per day on coursework and homework, the virtual program says on its website. But students are not always in front of a computer- they also work on offline activities, worksheets, and projects as part of the school day. Tennessee Online Public School (TOPS) Founded in 2012, Tennessee Online Public School is part of the Bristol, Tennessee City Schools system and is a statewide public virtual school serving Tennessee students in grades nine to 12. TOPS notes that it is accredited by AdvancED and uses Google Apps for Education to provide students with cloud-based services and email as well as Canvas, an open-access learning website that offers courses in a variety of areas. Families do not pay tuition for a student to attend an online public school, TOPS notes, but adds: Common household items and office supplies like printer ink and paper are not provided. Other Options The Tennessee Department of Education promotes online schooling and notes that parents can enroll their children in online virtual schools that are not based in Tennessee. However, parents need to ensure that the school has a legitimate accreditation status and provide evidence to the local school district that their child is enrolled in an accredited online school. The school must be accredited by one of the following regional accrediting agencies: AdvancEDSACS CASI – Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Council on Accreditation and School ImprovementNCA CASI – North Central Association Commission on Accreditation and School Improvement.NWAC – Northwest Accreditation CommissionMiddle States Association of Colleges and Schools (MSA)MSCES – Middle States Commission on Elementary SchoolsMSCSS – Middle States Commission on Secondary SchoolsNew England Association of Schools and Colleges (NEASC)Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC)National Association of Independent Schools (NAIS) and affiliates (e.g., SAIS)National Council of Private School Accreditation (NCPSA) Note that many online schools do charge hefty fees, but there are just as many virtual schools that are free to public school students. If you find a virtual out-of-state school that sparks your interest, be sure to check for potential costs by typing tuition and fees in the school websites search bar. Then, fire up your PC or Mac and start learning online- for free.

Take Care with Album

Take Care with Album Take Care with Album Take Care with Album By Maeve Maddox A reader deplores the mispronunciation and misspelling of the word album as ablum: †¦ often misused by DJs and music commentators which is really sad! The word album comes from Latin albus, white. In ancient Rome, an album was a blank tablet into which edicts and other public matters were inscribed. In the 17th century, German scholars kept autograph books to which they gave the Latin term album amicorum. Later the term was applied to scrapbooks that contained souvenirs. In his 1755 dictionary Samuel Johnson defined album as a book in which foreigners have long been accustomed to insert autographs of celebrated people. Photograph albums date from the 1850s. Record albums (33 1/3 rpm) came along in 1957. NOTE: See Jim Clintons account of earlier record albums in his comment below. A Google search for the misspelling ablum yielded 773,000 hits. Not all of the hits were unintentional. For example, Ablum is a Polish surname. Ablum is also the deliberately misspelled title of a music album for children recorded by a group called Duplex. Most are probably unintended: How to make your dynamic photo slideshow and online photo ablum and photo gallery Kindly browse our e-ablums Photo Ablum Binders for Sale Sometimes ablum is followed by the correct spelling, suggesting that the first one was a simple typo. In this example, however, the misspelling occurs twice: †¦[I] never did like the ablum art idea†¦ [I] have gone through all of my songs and found the ablum info Whether misspellings of album result from careless typing, supposed wit, or ignorance, the result is the same: an unnecessary misspelling. Careful writers will want to take a good look at the word before hitting the send or publish button. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:35 Synonyms for â€Å"Look†30 Baseball IdiomsGrammatical Case in English

Tax cases and internal research memo Assignment

Tax cases and internal research memo - Assignment Example In this particular case, Artnell Company has faced obligation from the court of the United States regarding its transferee and tax payment. In this regard, it has been recognized that the issues has upraised from the deferral operations of its assets and liabilities. As an effect, it has been observed that the company has not been able to recognize its actual income due to irregularity. As a consequence, the company was not able to submit its due amount of tax. Correspondingly, the court of the United States has appealed for the penalty including the due tax amount of the Artnell Company. CASE 2 In this case the United States court has filed a charge against the Federal partnership tax returns of the Tampa Bay Devil Rays, Ltd. In this regard, the partnership firm has not recorded its income items on the basis of deferral method, which has affected the taxation of the company. Under section 451, a lawsuit against the company was filed for not maintaining the yearly income receipt adequately. On the other hand, under section 446(c), taxpayers are liable to pay the computed taxable income. In this regard, the United States court has recognized that $125,000 sponsor fee was unpaid. In this case, petitioner has kept all the record related to the income tax return on the accrual basis. The U.S. Supreme Court has identified the problem regarding the income of the firm. In this regard, the Supreme Court of the U.S. has sought for the cash receipts of includible amount. Moreover, during the inspection the Commissioner of the U.S. Supreme Court had asked for the receipts regarding installments including the due amounts as well as total payable amounts. During that phase the company has unable to show the gross income for the year. At the same time, due to deferral of prepaid income, company was not able to reflect its deferral income. Thus, under the section 41

Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 45

Personal Statement Example As an experienced class lecturer, I know that my students have a tendency to go a few steps ahead of me in terms of their computer know-how since they are allowed the freedom to experiment with the technology and see where it goes. In order for me to ensure that I will always have the upper hand during class lectures, and also be in a better position for tenureship at the university, I need to beef up my educational resume and gain knowledge and information that my students have yet to come across or conceptualize in their minds. It is my duty and responsibility to ensure that I present the most current knowledge and trends in computing and informatics to them in a manner that they can easily absorb. I will admit that I also have a personal reason for wishing to complete a Phd, that of becoming a published professor in the future who will leave a definite impact upon the research being done in this particular field. Currently, I am on track in pursuit of my goal of becoming an Assistant Professor at SEU. However, I cannot fully achieve that goal without a PhD degree. I hope to be able to fast track my career plans after completing this degree and assisting or developing research that will help to shape the future of computing and informatics particularly in terms of its ability to help shape the future of my country. As a recipeient of a Saudi government scholarship grant, I feel privileged to have the opportunity to pursue my research plans in the field of Human Computer Interaction. This is a field of computer study that has a tremendous amount of professional growth potential in my country in terms of career advancement. I plan to get in on the ground floor and ride the trend all the way to the top. Becoming one of the most notable experts in this field in my country. It is because of my desire to actively pursue this research that I have chosen to apply for